Participating organizations offer the wide range of services needed to support  Upstream  Projects in a   country or geographic region.  These services are outlined below.  You may search our Global Directory and reach these organizations directly, or contact our Consulting Group.

• Project Planning, Economics, Feasibility, and Due-diligence
• 2-D and 3-D Seismic Acquisition and Interpretation
• Geologic and Geophysical Analyses
• Core, Fluid, and Geochemical Analyses
• Reservoir Characterization and Engineering
• Improved Oil Recovery Design, Application, and Interpretation including Water-Flooding, Thermal Recovery, and Tertiary Recovery Processes.
• Drilling and Completion Design and Application
• Production Facility Design and Optimization
• Fluid Separation Design and Related Services
• Production Chemistry and Analytical Services
• Environmental and Risk Assessment 
• E-Procurement of New and Surplus Equipment and Services

G&G COLLABORATIVE SERVICES*

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      Petrointernational in collaboration with dGB-USA and dGB-BV Netherlands offers software and consulting services in Exploration and Reservoir Characterization. Past clients of dGB include: Agip, BP, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Forest Oil International, Perez Companc, Pluspetrol, Saudi Aramco, Texaco and Vastar.

1- Reservoir Characterization (Combining Statistics/ANN & physics based methods)

      dGB-USA carries out exclusive studies for international E&P. In most cases this involves integration of geological knowledge, well data and 3D seismic data. These applications range from pure exploration to quantitative interpretations in support of development and reservoir studies. Typical projects are:

• Creating horizon-based maps of porosity, lithology, and fluid saturation (stochastic inversion)

• Generating volume-based reservoir properties

• Seismic pattern analysis using pseudo-wells with pre-stack and post-stack data (AVO)

• 4D predictions (highlighting dynamic changes in reservoir)

2- Stratigraphic Analysis (A 3D clustering / NN approach)

      Mapping seismic sequences is one of the basic instruments for studying rock relationships within a stratigraphic framework. Often the interpretation is based on a manual (subjective) classification of the seismic response using reflection strength, continuity, frequency and others. To obtain an unbiased result in terms of geologic units with similar seismic characteristics we apply a novel method, using an unsupervised neural network. The network called UVQ, has the following useful outputs:

• Facies map based on the respective seismic characters,

• A ?degree of match? map, highlighting the risk factor or confidence measure.

3- TheChimneyCube? (Multi-trace Attributes & Similarity Measures with NN Training)

      TheChimneyCube? an exclusive of dGB, reveals vertical hydrocarbon migration paths that can be interpreted from its source into the reservoir trap all the way up to the surface (shallow gas). It is used to:

• Unravel the hydrocarbon history model and the migration path

• Detect and use gas clouds for prospect ranking

• Detect reservoir leakage, spill points & sealing versus non-sealing faults

• Identify drilling (shallow gas) hazards and Predict areas of sea bottom instability

4- TheFaultCube? (Automatic Fault Detection)

      Improved fault interpretation, using supervised learning approach allows transformation of a seismic data cube into a "fault cube". A neural network is used to classify seismic attributes into fault and no-fault classes. This is done through a ?seed interpretation? with points at interpreted faults and points selected in no-fault areas. An intelligent selection of input attributes combined with the ?directivity principle? leads to creation of ?fault cube?

• Create a volme of faults

• In conjunction with 3, identify leakage point of faults

5- Dip Processing (Improved signal-to-noise ratio, no filter-tails)

      In many cases it is advantageous to extract attributes in a range of dipping windows rather than in a fixed window, which tends to smear the information. We use a modified Wigner-Radon method, where a sliding window FFT is used, thus not impacted by ?cross-terms.? Furthermore, with conflicting dips in the analysis window, this method yields the most probable dip, while other methods return the mean dip, thus producing a more reliable ?deep-steered results.?

• Improved signal to noise ratio

• 3-D Median dip filtered results

6- d-Tect Consortium (Seismic Objects / Visualization))

      dGB and its partners Statoil and Geocap, with leveraged funding from Dutch and Norwegian governments, have initiated an R&D consortium called d-Tect. With strong application focus and input from its industrial members, this consortium has begun operation. Among its objectives are to further enhance and implement the current innovative interpretation technique of detecting seismic objects such as chimneys, faults, fractures, fractures, hydrocarbon anomalies, and visualization capabilities.

• A new interpretation package

• A visualization environment

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* To learn more about our Collaborative Services (CS), or to become a CS provider, please contact our Consulting Group.